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2 Toprevent leakage ofgroundwater or soils: To excavate in sandy or gravelly soil, with a high groundwater level, using either soldier piles or sheetpiles, which are not satisfactorily watertight, or diaphragm walls or bored piles with joints that may have defects will risk the possibility of the leaking of groundwater into the excavation zone through the retaining wall.
10.3.1 Soldier piles
The commonly used types of soldier piles in excavations are the H steel, I steel, and rail piles.
Concerning the properties, strengths and shortcomings, and construction of soldier piles, please refer to Section 3.3.1.
The dimensions of soldier piles and the distance between them are determined based on the results of stress analysis.
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